Gaudí’s early industrial marvel: the Cooperativa la Obrera Mataronense
The Nau Gaudí de Mataró is the first work built by the architect. Considered as the starting point of the architect's creative process, the cotton bleaching warehouse of the cooperative stands out for the importance of experimentation with parabolic arches, used for the first time by Gaudí as structural elements.
The Cooperativa la Obrera Mataronense, located in Mataró, Spain, represents one of Antoni Gaudí’s earliest significant architectural endeavors. Founded in 1864 by Salvador Pagès Inglada, the cooperative aimed to improve the living and working conditions of textile workers. Gaudí was commissioned in 1878 to design and construct a comprehensive industrial and residential complex for the cooperative. This project marked the beginning of Gaudí’s professional career and showcased his early adoption of innovative architectural techniques.
Design and construction
Gaudí’s work on the Cooperativa la Obrera Mataronense included plans for several buildings, including a factory, workers’ housing, a casino, and a service building. However, due to budget constraints, only a few structures were completed. Among these was the Nave de Blanqueo (Bleaching House), built between 1882 and 1885. This building is particularly notable for its use of parabolic arches, which became a hallmark of Gaudí’s architectural style. The nave’s design allowed for a large, open interior space without the need for internal supports, demonstrating Gaudí’s innovative approach to industrial architecture.
The building’s interior housed advanced machinery for bleaching textiles, including boilers for bleaching solutions, washing machines, and centrifugal wringers. Gaudí’s application of catenary arches in the nave’s structure not only provided structural integrity but also influenced his later works, including the Sagrada Família.
Historical significance
The Cooperativa la Obrera Mataronense holds historical significance as one of Gaudí’s earliest projects and a precursor to his later masterpieces. The cooperative was a reflection of Gaudí’s socio-political views, particularly his support for workers’ rights and his commitment to social welfare. His involvement with the cooperative extended beyond architecture, as he developed personal relationships with its members and their families, including the sisters Pepita and Agustina Moreu, who were teachers at the cooperative’s school.
Renovation and current use
Over the years, the Nave de Blanqueo fell into disrepair but was eventually restored to preserve its historical and architectural value. Today, it is known as the Nau Gaudí and serves as a cultural and exhibition space, hosting the Bassat Collection of contemporary art. The restoration efforts have ensured that visitors can appreciate Gaudí’s early work while enjoying a vibrant cultural venue.
The Nau Gaudí frequently hosts art exhibitions, cultural events, and educational programs, drawing both locals and tourists interested in Gaudí’s legacy and modern art. The preservation of this site highlights the importance of maintaining historical buildings and recognizing their role in cultural heritage.
